Where is bind installed

IN NS dns2. The Pointer record points to another part of the namespace. PTR records are primarily used for reverse name resolution, as they point IP addresses back to a particular name. The Start of Authority record announces important authoritative information about a namespace to the nameserver. Located after the directives, it is the first resource record in a zone file. The primary-name-server directive is the host name of the primary nameserver that is authoritative for this domain.

The hostmaster-email directive is the email of the person to contact about the namespace. The serial-number directive is a numerical value incremented every time the zone file is altered to indicate it is time for the named service to reload the zone.

The time-to-refresh directive is the numerical value secondary nameservers use to determine how long to wait before asking the primary nameserver if any changes have been made to the zone. The time-to-retry directive is a numerical value used by secondary nameservers to determine the length of time to wait before issuing a refresh request in the event that the primary nameserver is not answering.

If the primary server has not replied to a refresh request before the amount of time specified in the time-to-expire directive elapses, the secondary servers stop responding as an authority for requests concerning that namespace.

In BIND 9, it defines how long negative answers are cached for. Caching of negative answers can be set to a maximum of 3 hours 3H. When configuring BIND, all times are specified in seconds. However, it is possible to use abbreviations when specifying units of time other than seconds, such as minutes M , hours H , days D , and weeks W. Additionally to resource records and directives, a zone file can also contain comments.

Comments are ignored by the named service, but can prove useful when providing additional information to the user. Any text after the semicolon character to the end of the line is considered a comment. Example Usage. A Simple Zone File.

In this example, the authoritative nameservers are set as dns1. The email servers configured with the MX records point to mail and mail2 through A records.

Services available at the standard names, such as www. A reverse name resolution zone file is used to translate an IP address in a particular namespace into a fully qualified domain name FQDN.

It looks very similar to a standard zone file, except that the PTR resource records are used to link the IP addresses to a fully qualified domain name as shown in Example In this example, IP addresses There is very little difference between this example and a standard zone statement, except for the zone name. Note that a reverse name resolution zone requires the first three blocks of the IP address reversed followed by.

This allows the single block of IP numbers used in the reverse name resolution zone file to be associated with the zone. Using the rndc Utility. The rndc utility is a command-line tool that allows you to administer the named service, both locally and from a remote machine.

Its usage is as follows:. Configuring the Utility. To prevent unauthorized access to the service, named must be configured to listen on the selected port by default , and an identical key must be used by both the service and the rndc utility. Unless this statement is present, only the connections from the loopback address Checking the Service Status. To check the current status of the named service, use the following command:.

Reloading the Configuration and Zones. To reload both the configuration file and zones, type the following at a shell prompt:. This will reload the zones while keeping all previously cached responses, so that you can make changes to the zone files without losing all stored name resolutions.

To reload a single zone, specify its name after the reload command, for example:. Once you are finished, run the thaw command to allow the DDNS again and reload the zone:. Updating Zone Keys. Note that to sign a zone with the above command, the auto-dnssec option has to be set to maintain in the zone statement.

See the options statement described in Section Enabling the Query Logging. To enable or disable in case it is currently enabled the query logging, issue the following command as root :. To check the current setting, use the status command as described in Section Using the dig Utility. The dig utility is a command-line tool that allows you to perform DNS lookups and debug a nameserver configuration.

Its typical usage is as follows:. Looking Up a Nameserver. To look up a nameserver for a particular domain, use the command in the following form:. Looking Up an IP Address. To look up an IP address assigned to a particular domain, use the command in the following form:.

Looking Up a Host Name. To look up a host name for a particular IP address, use the command in the following form:. Most BIND implementations only use the named service to provide name resolution services or to act as an authority for a particular domain. Multiple Views. Optionally, different information can be presented to a client depending on the network a request originates from. This is primarily used to deny sensitive DNS entries from clients outside of the local network, while allowing queries from clients inside the local network.

Why use BIND 9? BIND 9 on the Internet BIND is used successfully for every application from publishing the DNSSEC-signed DNS root zone and many top-level domains, to hosting providers who publish very large zone files with many small zones, to enterprises with both internal private and external zones, to service providers with large resolver farms. Getting Started.

Maintenance Most users will benefit from joining the bind-users mailing list. DNS authoritative operations DNS recursive operations An authoritative DNS server answers requests from resolvers, using information about the domain names it is authoritative for. Catalog Zones Catalog zones facilitate the provisioning of zone information across a nameserver constellation.

Maximum Cache Hit Rate Prefetch popular records before they expire from the cache. Flexible Cache Controls From time to time you may get incorrect or outdated records in the resolver cache. Resolver Rate-limiting BIND 9 offers two configuration parameters, fetches-per-zone and fetches-per-server.

Native Windows builds no longer available. See 9. Click below to request additional information. Mailing List Join the bind-users mailing list to offer help to or receive advice from other users.

Join Now. Report a Bug Before submitting a bug report, please ensure that you are running a current version. Latest News. Comparative Resolver Performance Results of BIND Versions - July This article focuses on benchmarking resolver performance, using a new methodology that aims to provide near-real-world performance results for resolvers.

BIND 9. Current-Stable, ESV. For simplicity purposes, we assume you've compiled and installed the BIND program using the provided instructions. No matter what Linux distribution you have, the file structure is pretty much the same. By following the installation procedure found in the documentation provided with BIND, you will have the server installed within 15 min at most. Once the installation of BIND is complete you need to start creating your zone data files. Remember, these are the files the DNS server will load in order to understand how your domain is setup and the various hosts within it.

A DNS server has multiple files that contain information about the domain setup. From these files, one will map all host names to IP Addresses and other files will map the IP Address back to hostnames. Each network will have its own file for reverse-mapping. As a convention in this section, a file that maps hostnames to IP Addresses will be called db.

The files mapping IP Address to hostnames are called db. The collection of our db. There are a few other zone data files, some of which are created during the installation of BIND: named.

The loopback address is a special address hosts use to direct traffic to themselves. This is usually IP Address Let's have a quick look at the files we have covered so far to make sure we don't lose track:. You should also be aware that the file names can change, there is no standard for names, it's just very convenient and tidy to keep some type of convention.

Restart DNSaaS to apply your pool changes:. Perform the diagnostic commands below:. Ignore errors in Sink for now, as you have not modified its configuration. Verify your DNS server record was previously created:. When creating a domain from designate against BIND, it is basically running a command similiar to this:. Modify the DNSaaS configuration for the example domain:.